17 Work Productivity Hacks That Will Get You That Promotion

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It's easy to feel so overwhelmed with all you have on your plate that you don't even know where to start. But Vanderkam says you should show up to work with a general idea of what you want and need to get done in the office.

"A surprising number of people show up on any given day with no clue what they plan to work on," she explains. "This can work, but for most people it results in spending the entire day responding to emails or Slack-type messages and then realizing, around 4 p.m., that something huge is due tomorrow. Not good."

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"It is true that people work in different ways, and self-knowledge, in general, can contribute to productivity," Vanderkam says. "For instance, if you're introverted, and you've got three big meetings stacked up back-to-back in the morning, you're probably going to be drained. You'll need to figure out a way to boost your energy before you'll be able to tackle the rest of your workload. Or maybe you (like most people) have more energy in the morning after that first cup of coffee. If that's the case, you should plan your most important tasks for the morning. You can return routine emails in mid-afternoon when you're more tired."

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It makes work so much more fun when you like your colleagues, but sometimes socializing can ruin your productivity or put you behind. It's okay to catch up with your co-workers, but when you're busy or on deadline (or vice versa for your colleagues), try to be mindful of how much time you're spending chatting. Tell them you'll catch up during your lunch break, or suggest happy hour.

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Your energy levels might be messing with your focus. Vanderkam suggests keeping track of them throughout the day. "If you find yourself drifting over to Facebook for 20 minutes, that's a sign that your brain needs a break," she explains. "Better to take a real break (by going outside for 15 minutes) than to take a fake one."

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Sometimes a change of scenery can help you stay on task, or provide some inspiration or new ideas if you're feeling stumped. If there are different working spaces in your office and you have a laptop, get up from your desk and head to another area.

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It pays to stay active in more ways than one. A study found that for those who worked out regularly, exercise helped re-energize and improved concentration. It also helped people de-stress, too.

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You might have read about different methods to improve productivity—it might be helpful to try a few out to see which one works for you. "Pomodoro can help some people," Vanderkam says. "Some others (who have control of their work schedules) are also big fans of time-blocking. I like to write in the morning, and then do calls in the afternoon, emails in the late afternoon. I don't always do that (because I have a newborn!), but it's a good schedule to adopt generally."

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Breaks are definitely okay, but Vanderkam suggests keeping track of how many you take and realizing exactly what they are. To her, reading the news or looking at texts throughout the day can be considered breaks. "Just because you're sitting at your desk doesn't mean you aren't taking a break," she says. "The question is whether the break is rejuvenating or not. In general, taking a lunch is a good idea. Getting some physical activity and fresh air is wise. I'm a fan of that British tradition of tea time: A mid-afternoon break for socializing and something mildly caffeinated. If you take good breaks, you will naturally return more focused because that's the whole point of the break. If it doesn't do that, it wasn't a good choice."

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Most of the time, multitasking is a necessity when you've got a lot on your plate. But Vanderkam says you've got to be wise about it. "The only multitasking that works is when you're doing two things that require very different parts of the brain," she explains. "Think the walking meeting: Going for a walk outside with someone you need to meet with one-on-one. You're getting exercise and doing a meeting. Win-win! But trying to check email while you're on a conference call means you're not paying attention to one of those things. If the conference call is so unimportant that you can check email at the same time, you don't need to be on that call."

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If you work from home, you have a whole host of other distractions that could disrupt your productivity. Vanderkam says if you need to do home tasks like the laundry, save that for your lunch break.

But most importantly, you should know when to log off. "Because there's no commute, there's no clear transition," she explains. "You can just keep on working all night—but you probably shouldn't. Try to set fairly standard work hours, so you have some time that is not work. Work can expand to fill the available space, so we become more efficient when there's a more defined space."

If you don't set boundaries, that could lead to fatigue or burnout, which will set your productivity and focus back.

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For some people that's easier said than done, but if you love what you do, you'll be more productive and inspired. "I find we also get less distracted when we're doing work we really enjoy," Vanderkam says. "You might not be able to do anything about this immediately, but it's something to pay attention to so that over time you can shape your job to feature more of the stuff you like and less of the stuff you don't."

Next up: 15 Ways to Keep Your Work Stress in Check