Put simply, nootropics are any kind of substance that enhances cognitive function in a certain way, says Batchelor. The term was first coined in 1972 by Corneliu Giurgea, a Romanian psychologist and chemist who was particularly interested in synthesizing medications that could potentially make us smarter.
According to his original classification, a substance can be defined as a nootropic if it meets the following criteria:
- It enhances memory and learning capacity.
- It helps the brain better cope with stress.
- It protects the brain from physical and chemical injury.
- It improves the way the brain fires commands.
- It possesses few or no side effects.
When I first began to read about nootropics, I was immediately struck by their similarity to adaptogens, which bolster our brain chemistry in a different way, namely, by balancing our hormonal response to stress. But while the comparison is valid, says Batchelor, it's also important to note that adaptogens tend to be synergistic in nature (which is why some of us might feel the effects of ashwagandha more than others, for example), nootropics work in a more direct manner by targeting specific neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin.
Many startups (Dave Asprey's Bulletproof, for example) have opted to lean on some of the more performance-oriented effects of nootropics, like focus and memory recall. But Batchelor saw a different kind of white space: "Something kind of naughty" that bridged the gap between her wellness routine and playtime, instead of widening those margins. "I also started noticing a weird trend among my friends where they were drinking wine alone in the bathtub and posting about it—#detoxtoretox," she recalls. "Social media was making us less social while making drinking more glamorous? The irony was heartbreaking."
Her mission, she says, was clear: "[I wanted to] create something for stress relief that was fun and sophisticated enough to gather my friends around." It would take two years of exploration and meticulous research for Batchelor and her team to bring that vision to life.